What ensures that only essential capabilities in an IS are provided to limit risk?

The concept of "Least Functionality" is crucial in information security, particularly in minimizing potential risks associated with system vulnerabilities. By adhering to this principle, systems are designed to provide only the functions that are absolutely necessary for their operation, eliminating any extraneous capabilities that could expose the system to unnecessary risks. This focused approach helps in reducing the attack surface, minimizing opportunities for exploitation by malicious actors.

When a system is limited to essential functions, it becomes more manageable and easier to secure, as there are fewer vectors for potential attacks. Moreover, this minimizes complexity, which can often lead to oversight in security measures. The principle also aligns with the overall notion of operational security, concentrating on what is essential for achieving the desired outcomes while maintaining a vigilant stance against possible threats.

This distinct focus on essential functionalities helps in the effective allocation of resources towards securing those critical aspects of an information system, thereby enhancing overall security posture.