Which tier of the Risk Management Framework is associated with continuous monitoring?

The correct choice is associated with continuous monitoring because Tier 3 of the Risk Management Framework specifically focuses on the information system level, where continuous monitoring is vital for maintaining security and compliance. This tier involves ongoing assessments of security controls and threats, ensuring that the system's security posture is consistently evaluated and fortified against new risks.

Continuous monitoring within this tier encompasses activities such as regular vulnerability scans, security control assessments, and real-time threat intelligence gathering. The goal is to detect and respond to security issues proactively, thereby ensuring that any changes in the environment—whether due to internal modifications, external threats, or evolving compliance requirements—are addressed promptly.

The other tiers are focused on different aspects of risk management. The organization level deals with overall governance and high-level policy, while the mission or business process level involves evaluating risks at a broader scope, thereby not emphasizing the continuous nature of the monitoring that is critical at the information system level. The software level is even more granular, dealing with software-specific risks but not encompassing the comprehensive scope of continuous monitoring needed for the information systems themselves.